MICROCONTROLLER-BASED OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE PROTECTION CIRCUIT WITH GSM ALERT FOR DISTRIBUTED LOAD SYSTEMS

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of an over-voltage and under-voltage tripping circuit for distributed system loads, integrated with a GSM alert system utilizing a microcontroller. As the reliance on distributed energy resources continues to grow, ensuring the stability and reliability of power supply is paramount. The proposed system monitors voltage levels in real time and employs a microcontroller to activate a tripping mechanism when voltage thresholds are exceeded, thereby protecting connected loads from potential damage. In addition to the protective function, the system incorporates a GSM module that sends immediate alerts to designated users when tripping occurs, enabling timely intervention and minimizing downtime. The design was tested under various load conditions, demonstrating its effectiveness in reliably detecting over-voltage and under-voltage scenarios. Results indicate that this smart circuit not only enhances the safety of electrical installations but also improves overall operational efficiency by providing users with instant notifications via SMS. Ultimately, this research contributes to the development of more resilient distributed power systems by integrating intelligent monitoring and alerting capabilities, paving the way for safer and more efficient energy management solutions.