A Robust and Secure Framework for Enhancing IoT Network Security to Combat Wormhole Attacks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have evolved significantly over the past few decades, emerging as an essential component for monitoring and controlling various applications, such as environmental sensing, healthcare, and industrial automation. Traditionally, WSNs rely on static routing protocols that do not adapt well to changes in network conditions, leading to issues such as congestion, energy inefficiency, and poor overall network performance. These systems use a fixed routing path for data transmission, often resulting in imbalanced load distribution across the network, reducing the lifetime and performance of the sensors